Description
Religion plays a vital role in the tribal life of Orissa. It aims at ensuring personal security and happiness as well as group solidarity and community well-being. Hence, the life of the tribes of Orissa is one never ending round of music, dance, festival, feast and social gathering related with myths, rituals and ethics. It is an integral part of tribal life. The myths and rituals related to religion, customs, beliefs and traditions forms the core of the culture of the tribal life of Orissa. It provides stability and harmony to their lives. There are three interlinked worlds in which the tribal believe; the world of nature, gods and spirits, and the world of ancestors. In fact, the religion of the tribes of Orissa is an admixture of animism, animalism, supernaturalism, nature worship, ancestor worship, fetishism, shamanism, etc. This book is aimed to focus different tribal culture, its changes and continued.
About the Author
Dr. Rinky Behera has obtained her Ph.D. degreee in History from Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha. She has published a number of research papers in different national and international journals and proceedings. The author has also published one book. The author has long years of teaching experience in UG classes in different Colleges of Odisha. Presently, the author is working as Assistant professor in History at K K S women’s College, Balasore, Odisha.
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction1
2. Salient Features of Tribal Religion7
a) Ancestor Worship 7
b) Animism 9
c) Animatism 9
d) Taboo 9
e) Magic 10
f) Supernaturalism 10
g) Polytheism 11
h) Bongaism 12
i) Belief in a High God or the Supreme Being 12
j) Totemism 13
k) Naturalism 14
I) Shamanism 14
m) Spirit Worship 15
3. Mythsi Legends and Ritualistic Beliefs and Traditions of the Tribal Religion in Orissa17
The Tribal Priest 20
4. Religious Rites and Festivals of the Tribes of Orissa25
a) Crisis Rites 25
b) Birth Rite 26
c) Pubescent Rite 26
d) Marriage Rite 27
e) Funeral Rite 27
f) Annual cycle of rituals or Cyclical Group Rites 28
Religious Beliefs and Festivals of the Major Tribes of Orissa38
5. Tribal Dance53
Juang 54
Soura 54
Gond 54
Koya 55
Gadaba 55
Kondh 55
Oraons 55
Santal 55
Paroja 56
6. Tribal Religious Elements in Hinduism57
Geographical Factors 57
Impact of Aryanization viz. Hinduism 58
Tribal element in Saivism 58
Tribal element in Vaishnavism 58
Tribal religion and the cult of Jagannath 59
Tribal element in Saktism 59
Tribal element in Sun worship 60
Tribal element in Brahmanization 61
7. A Crisis in Cultural Identity of Tribals of Orissa: Hindus or Non-Hindus63
8. Tribal Religion and Christianity in Orissa69
Works of the Christian Missionaries 69
Campaign against the Tribal Conversion to Christianity 71
9. Tribal Religion – its Change and Continuity73
Conclusion77
Bibliography81
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